India's inter-state water disputes and Awards

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Multiple river water sharing conflicts in India have engendered multiple awards from time to time.

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India's inter-state water disputes and Awards


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Water-sharing disputes are only going to rise (not ebb). The main law governing the situation is – The Inter-State River Water Dispute Act 1956 (can download PDF of Law + Rules here). There have been multiple tribunals for multiple disputes. That cannot go on due to the huge costs involved. 

 A summary of major disputes – 
  1. Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal (KWDT) - 1969 - Karnataka, Maharashtra, Telangana and AP over sharing of Krishna river water. Chairman : R. S Bachawat, a former judge of SC. Award in 1973, govt published it in 1976. Water quantum available = 2060 TMC. Award was : Maharashtra - 560 TMC, Karnataka - 700 TMC, AP - 800 TMC 
  2. Godavari Water Disputes Tribunal (GWDT) - 1969 - Telangana (TS), Maharashtra (MR), Orissa, old Madhya Pradshsh { bifurcated into present MP and Chhattisgarh}, Karnataka (K) and Andhra Pradesh (AP), over sharing of Godavari river water. Chairman : R. S Bachawat, Members : Bhandari and Sen. Award in 1980, govt published it in 1980. 
  3. Narmada Water Disputes Tribunal (NWDT) - 1969 – Gujarat, MP, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, over sharing of Narmada river water. Chairman : V Ramaswami. Award in 1979, govt published it in 1979. 
  4. Kaveri Water Disputes Tribunal – Two agreements in 1892 and 1924 between Madras Presidency and Mysore state. Govt constituted Tribunal in 1990. Chairman : Chittatosh Mookerjee. Interim award 1991. Failed Monsoons and 1995-96 riots. Cauvery River Authority (CRA) made in 1997. Final verdict by Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal on 5 Feb, 2007. Disputes continue till date. 
  5. Sutlej-Yamuna-Link Canal (SYL) – In 1981, Haryana, Punjab and Raj signed water-sharing accord. In 2004, Punjab tried to wriggle out. Nothing moved forward. Understanding the units – TMC – Thousand Million Cubic Feet (1,000,000,000) = 2.8 crore cubic metres = 2831 cr litres 
The legal position of Central Government – Article 262(2) of constitution + Section 11 of 1956 Act – Supreme Court has no jurisdiction in the distribution of water. But it is worth nothing that a Permanent Water Tribunal is of little us unless Centre shows a strong will to punish defaulters. 



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Bodhi Booster: India's inter-state water disputes and Awards
India's inter-state water disputes and Awards
Multiple river water sharing conflicts in India have engendered multiple awards from time to time.
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